壳牌着眼于可持续航空燃料大规模生产

　　中国石化新闻网讯 据能源世界网9月20日伦敦报道，荷兰皇家壳牌(Royal Dutch Shell)计划到2025年开始大规模生产低碳航空燃料，以鼓励全球航空公司减少温室气体排放。

　　由于缺乏替代航空燃料发动机的技术，占全球碳排放量3%的航空业被认为是最难解决的行业之一。

　　世界最大石油交易商之一的壳牌表示，其目标是到2025年生产200万吨可持续航空燃料（SAF），比目前全球总产量增加10倍。壳牌称，由废弃食用油、植物和动物脂肪制成的SAF，可以减少高达80%的航空排放。

　　目前只供应包括芬兰炼油厂Neste在内的其他公司生产的SAF的壳牌公司周一表示，希望到2030年，绿色航空燃料能够与普通航空燃料混合，而无需更换飞机发动机，占其全球航空燃料销售额的10%。

　　投资银行杰弗里斯（Jefferies）表示，目前SAF只占当全球航空燃料需求的不到0.1%，2019年全球航空燃料需求约3.3亿吨。

　　市场的发展面临着几个障碍，主要是由于SAF的成本，目前高达常规航空燃料的8倍，以及原料的有限可用性。

　　壳牌称，希望其他公司效仿该公司的做法。

　　壳牌航空负责人安娜·马斯科洛（Anna Mascolo）告诉路透社，我们也希望其他公司将通过自己的生产厂增加这种燃料的生产。

　　美国上周表示，希望通过大幅增加SAF的使用，在本世纪20年代末将飞机的温室气体排放量减少20%。

　　新的产品

　　计划到2050年将所售燃料的排放降至零的英荷壳牌公司（Anglo-Dutch shell）正在进行一项大规模改革，旨在生产更多的低碳燃料，如生物柴油和SAF，以及氢气。

　　壳牌计划在其鹿特丹炼油厂建设一座生物燃料加工厂，年产能为82万吨，其中SAF将占该产量的一半以上。该工厂预计在2024年开始生产。

　　在与德勤(Deloitte)联合发布的一份关于航空业脱碳的新报告中，壳牌呼吁航空业到2050年将碳排放削减至零。

　　代表全球大多数航空公司的国际航空运输协会(International Air Transport Association)的目标是到那时将碳排放减少一半。

　　通过使用更多的低碳燃料并通过碳信用抵消剩余排放量，可以实现将排放量降至净零。

　　壳牌还在开发由氢和再生碳制成的合成航空燃料。

　　Mascolo表示，可持续航空燃料，无论是生物SAF还是合成SAF，仍然是唯一的最大解决方案。

　　郝芬 译自 能源世界网

　　原文如下：

　　Oil giant Shell sets sights on sustainable aviation fuel take-off

　　oyal Dutch Shell plans to start producing low-carbon jet fuel at scale by 2025, in an attempt to encourage the world's airlines to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

　　Aviation, accounting for 3 per cent of the world's carbon emissions, is considered one of the toughest sectors to tackle due to a lack of alternative technologies to jet fueled-engines.

　　Shell, one of the world's largest oil traders, said it aims to produce 2 million tonnes of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) by 2025, a ten-fold increase from today's total global output.

　　Produced from waste cooking oil, plants and animal fats, SAF could cut up to 80 per cent of aviation emissions, Shell said.

　　Shell, which at present only supplies SAF produced by others, including Finnish refiner Neste, said on Monday it wants green jet fuel, which can be blended with regular aviation fuel with little need to change plane engines, to make up 10 per cent of its global aviation fuel sales by 2030.

　　SAF accounts for less than 0.1 per cent of today's global aviation fuel demand, which reached around 330 million tonnes in 2019, investment bank Jefferies said.

　　Growing the market faces several hurdles, primarily due to the cost of SAF, which is currently up to 8 times higher than regular jet fuel, and the limited availability of feedstock.

　　Shell said it wants others to follow its lead.

　　"We also expect other companies to add to it with their own production plants," Anna Mascolo, head of Shell Aviation, told Reuters.

　　The United States said last week it wants to cut aircraft greenhouse-gas emissions by 20 per cent by the end of the decade by significantly boosting SAF usage.

　　NEW PRODUCTION

　　Anglo-Dutch shell, which aims to reduce emissions from fuels it sells to net zero by 2050, is in the midst of a large overhaul aimed at producing more low-carbon fuels such as biodiesel and SAF, as well as hydrogen.

　　Shell plans to build a biofuels processing plant at its Rotterdam refinery with an annual capacity of 820,000 tonnes, with SAF set to make up more than half of the output. The plant is expected to start production in 2024.

　　In a new report on the decarbonisation of aviation published together with Deloitte, Shell called for the sector to cut its emissions to net zero by 2050.

　　The International Air Transport Association, representing most of the world's airlines, aims to halve emissions by then.

　　Reducing emissions to net zero can be achieved by using more low-carbon fuel and offsetting the remaining emissions through carbon credits.

　　Shell is also developing synthetic aviation fuel made from hydrogen and recycled carbon.

　　"Sustainable aviation fuel, whether bio SAF or synthetic SAF, remains the single biggest solution," Mascolo said.