如何创新循环利用油井？

　　【退役和拆卸旧石油钻井平台是一项昂贵的工作。

　　沙特阿拉伯正在寻求将海上钻井平台转变为旅游目的地。

　　埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)对于如何处理废弃的石油钻井平台也有一些相当疯狂的想法。】

　　中国石化新闻网讯 据今日油价10月25日报道，随着油田的枯竭和新的开发项目在各地涌现，海上石油钻井平台被废弃，石油公司不得不重新利用一个巨大的结构平台，或者支付巨额费用让其退役和拆卸。现在，一些国家和私人公司正在为废弃的钻井平台提出替代用途。在沙特阿拉伯，现在计划将一个海上钻井平台改造成一个160万平方英尺的极限公园，以吸引数千名游客。在国家公共投资基金的投资下，这个庞大的建筑将容纳3家酒店，提供800个房间，11家餐厅，过山车和其他游乐设施、冒险活动，如滑索和水上运动。

　　沙特阿拉伯本周宣布，它将建设“世界上第一个受海上石油平台启发的旅游目的地”。游客将乘船或乘坐直升机前往位于阿拉伯湾的新度假村。

　　该项目支持沙特2030愿景的长期战略，该战略旨在推动沙特阿拉伯成为旅游目的地，并使该国经济多元化，摆脱目前对石油和天然气的依赖。沙特阿拉伯希望到2030年每年吸引1亿游客，支持其成立第二家国家航空公司，并在运输和物流方面投资1470亿美元。

　　沙特阿拉伯只是众多受启发改造旧石油基础设施以吸引游客或融合不同行业的国家和私营企业之一。

　　在20世纪90年代，建筑师将一个废弃的石油钻井平台改造成一个有25个房间的酒店。该钻井平台最初位于墨西哥湾，后来被运到西太平洋印度尼西亚附近的西里伯斯海进行改造。海洋冒险潜水度假村主要吸引深海潜水员和浮潜者，他们在冒险之余可能会住在酒店里。

　　由于建筑的规模，Seaventures还拥有电影室、卡拉ok休息室和酒吧、台球桌、乒乓球、纪念品商店和会议室，甚至还有wi-fi。但是，改造后的钻井平台的主要吸引力是可以接近广阔的珊瑚礁和附近的西巴丹岛国家公园。

　　这并不是唯一一个吸引潜水员的废弃钻井平台，将旧钻井平台改造成人工珊瑚礁的环保传统由来已久。研究发现，一旦安装，石油平台很快就会成为各种海洋生物的家园，而移除它们实际上会对海洋环境有害。根据美国安全与环境执法局的数据，截至2020年9月，墨西哥湾共有558个平台进行了珊瑚礁改造，8条腿的结构可容纳1.2万至1.4万条鱼。

　　在加州，甚至在2010年通过了一项法律，允许石油公司将部分结构留在水下，以吸引海洋生物并建立人工礁石。企业只需部分拆除钻井平台就能节省资金，这可能会阻止它们将几乎枯竭的油田中的结构平台出售给希望榨干最后一滴油的小公司。疫情期间，这一问题导致数百家公司破产。

　　一些公司正在考虑将石油钻井平台用于可再生能源生产，北海的情况就是如此。澳大利亚初创企业Legacy Global Green Energy (LGGE)计划将英国北海废弃的石油和天然气钻井平台改造成地热能发电厂。LGGE强调拆除旧钻机需要巨大的成本，大约640亿美元。该公司在该地区估计有470个废弃钻机，该公司认为，改造有助于降低成本，支持绿色政策。

　　今年年初，埃隆·马斯克的SpaceX公司从德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔(Brownsville)的一个海上基地购买了两个退役的石油钻井平台，用作火箭发射台。2020年，该公司以每台350万美元的价格从钻井公司瓦拉里斯(Valaris)手中收购了两台钻机，以两颗火星卫星的名字命名为Deimos和Phoibos，以调整用途，适合太空发射。

　　虽然个想法在宣布时被认为是新奇的，但该行业多年来一直在太空项目中使用石油钻塔。在20世纪60年代到80年代之间，Luigi Broglio航天中心使用肯尼亚的一个改造过的海上石油平台向太空发射有效载荷。Sea Launch公司也在Ocean Odyssey上进行了类似的活动。Ocean Odyssey是一个废弃的钻井平台，位于加州的卫星、航空航天和海事供应公司附近，现在位于俄罗斯。

　　从豪华主题公园和酒店到环境保护项目，或用于未来的太空旅行，石油公司、环保组织和政府似乎都在创新改造石油钻井平台的策略，使其用途超出原来的目的。

　　王佳晶 摘译自 今日油价

　　原文如下：

　　Renewables And Roller Coasters: How To Recycle An Oil Well

　　Decommissioning and dismounting old oil rigs is an expensive endeavor.

　　Saudi Arabia is looking to convert an offshore rig into a tourist destination.

　　Elon Musk also has some pretty wild ideas on what to do with abandoned oil rigs.

　　With offshore oil rigs falling into disuse as the oilfield dries up and new developments pop up elsewhere, oil companies are left with a giant structure that they must repurpose or pay huge amounts to decommission and dismount. Now, some countries and private companies are coming up with alternative uses for deserted rigs. In Saudi Arabia, there are now plans to convert an offshore rig into a 1.6 million-square-foot extreme park, to be known as The Rig, targeted at attracting thousands of tourists. With investment coming from the national Public Investment Fund, the massive structure will house three hotels offering 800 rooms, 11 restaurants, roller coasters and other rides, adventure activities – such as ziplines, and water sports.

　　Saudi Arabia announced this week that it would be constructing the “world's first tourism destination inspired by offshore oil platforms.” Tourists will arrive to the new resort, located in the Arabian Gulf, by boat or helicopter.

　　The development supports the country’s long-term Saudi Vision 2030's strategy, which aims to promote Saudi Arabia as a tourist destination as well as diversifying the national economy beyond its current reliance on oil and gas. Saudi Arabia hopes to attract 100 million tourists a year by 2030, supported by the launch of a second national airline and a $147 billion investment in transport and logistics.

　　Saudi Arabia is just one of the many countries and private companies that has been inspired to transform old oil infrastructure to attract tourists or merge different industries.

　　In the 1990s, architects repurposed an abandoned oil rig into a 25-room hotel. Originally located in the Gulf of Mexico, the rig was transported to the Celebes Sea in the western Pacific Ocean off Indonesia to undergo its transformation. The Seaventures Dive Resort attracts mainly deep-sea divers and snorkelers, who may stay in the hotel in-between their adventures.

　　Thanks to the scale of the structure, Seaventures is also home to a movie room, a karaoke lounge and bar, pool tables, table tennis, a souvenir shop, and a conference room – it even has wi-fi. But the main pull of the converted rig is the accessibility to extensive coral reefs and nearby Sipadan Island’s national park.

　　This is not the only abandoned rig to attract divers, with the long-existing environmentally friendly tradition of converting old rigs to artificial coral reefs. Studies have found that once installed, oil platforms quickly become home to a vast variety of marine life, and removing them can actually be detrimental to the sea environment. According to the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement in the U.S., by September 2020 there were 558 platforms in the Gulf of Mexico that underwent the rigs to reefs conversion, with an eight-leg structure housing 12,000 to 14,000 fish.

　　In California, there is even a 2010 law that allows oil firms to leave part of their structure underwater to attract marine life and establish artificial reefs. The opportunity for companies to save money by only partly dismantling their rigs could dissuade them from selling the structures in almost dried-up oil fields to smaller companies hoping to squeeze the last drop, an issue that led to hundreds of bankruptcies during the pandemic.

　　Some are looking to repurpose oil rigs for use in renewable energy production, as is the case in the North Sea. Australian start-up Legacy Global Green Energy (LGGE) is aiming to transform abandoned oil and gas rigs in the U.K. North Sea into geothermal energy plants. LGGE emphasizes the immense cost required to dismantle old rigs, around $64 billion. With an estimated 470 disused rigs in the region, the company believes the conversion could help cut costs and support green policy.

　　Going in a different direction, earlier this year Elon Musk’s SpaceX purchased two decommissioned oil rigs from an offshore site in Brownsville, Texas to be used as a rocket launchpad. In 2020, the company acquired the two rigs from drilling firm Valaris for $3.5 million each, naming them Deimos and Phoibos after the two Mars moons, to repurpose and make fit for the space launch.

　　While this seemed like a novel idea when it was announced, the industry has been using oil rigs in space programmes for years. Between the 1960s and 1980s, the Luigi Broglio Space Center used a converted offshore oil platform in Kenya to launch payloads into space. The company Sea Launch has carried out similar activities on the Ocean Odyssey, a disused drilling rig, which was based near satellite, aerospace, and maritime supply companies in California, and is now located in Russia.

　　From luxury theme parks and hotels to environmental protection programs, or for use in the future of space travel, it seems that oil companies, environmental groups, and governments are being inventive in their innovative oil rig transformation strategies, taking their use beyond the original purpose.