雷斯塔能源：全球油气运营生产成本下降

中国石化新闻网讯 据油气新闻1月9日消息称，全球石油和天然气行业的运营生产成本已经下降，英国成为全球近海地区削减成本的重要力量。在考察了以当地货币衡量的地区每桶石油的运营成本削减之后，雷斯塔能源的一项旨在减轻汇率影响分析证实了这一趋势。结果很明显——从2014年到2018年，英国的运营生产成本降低了31%，其次是挪威和美国，运营成本分别降低了19%和15%。

雷斯塔能源公司的油田服务分析师Sara Sottilotta表示：“运营支出的减少主要是由于近海地区,如英国、巴西、尼日利亚、安哥拉、墨西哥和挪威等离岸地区，感受到了不确定的油价带来的压力，这反过来又促使运营商和承包商改善运营，以追求更低的单价。”

其次，由于更加注重战略规划、更有效的维修管理以及技术的增加和改进，每桶油当量的运营成本有所下降然而，应该指出的是，在经济低迷时期，一些运营费用的减少历来是维修延期的结果。这一点很重要，因为自2013年以来，设备故障和损坏导致的计划外停机在全球范围内翻了两番。

Sottilotta 称：“英国的人均石油运营成本降幅最大，从2014年的逾30美元/桶，降至2019年的仅16美元/桶。运营成本下降主要有两个原因：一是产量的总体增长，二是随着新油田投产和老油田停产，成熟油田的产量份额下降。”

维修周期的改变、旧油田的停产和较低的薪水也导致成本费用的降低。2015-2016年，大多数英国海上运营商将人员轮岗时间从两周改为三周，通过减少人员往返海上设施所需的航班数量，节省了工资和物流费用。尽管如此，尽管运营成本已显著下降，但由于油田规模较小、运营商格局分散、每生产一桶油需要的人员总数的增加，英国在所有主要离岸地区的每桶油层运营成本最高。

按绝对值计算，巴西的人均油当量运营成本降幅位居第二，从2014年的16美元/桶油当量降至2019年的11美元/桶油当量减产的主要原因是产量的大幅增加，尤其是大型卢拉油田的产量。在全球范围内，受挪威克朗(NOK)和美元(USD)汇率上升的推动，从2014年的平均每1美元6.3挪威克朗，到2017年的平均每1美元8.3挪威克朗，挪威每桶油运营成本是最低的。相比之下，自2016年以来，墨西哥每桶油的运营成本一直在上升，这是产量下降和成熟油田产量所占份额上升的结果。

曹海斌 摘译自 油气新闻

原文如下：

Operational production costs have fallen globally: Rystad Energy

Operational production costs in the oil and gas industry have fallen across the globe, with the United Kingdom emerging as a cost-cutting powerhouse among global offshore regions. A Rystad Energy analysis aimed at mitigating currency effects confirms this trend, after examining regional opex reduction per barrel, measured in local currency. The results are clear – from 2014 to 2018 the UK reduced operational production costs by 31%, followed by Norway and the United States with opex reductions of 19% and 15%, respectively.

“The reduction in operating expenditure is largely the result of offshore regions – such as the United Kingdom, Brazil, Nigeria, Angola, the Gulf of Mexico and Norway – feeling the squeeze of uncertain oil prices, which in turn has driven operators and contractors to nurture operational improvements in pursuit of lower unit prices,” says Sara Sottilotta, Oilfield Service Analyst at Rystad Energy.

Secondly, with a greater focus on strategic planning, more efficient maintenance management and the increased and improved implementation of technology, opex per barrel of oil equivalent (boe) has fallen. It should be noted, however, that in times of downturn some opex reduction has historically been a consequence of maintenance deferral. This is important to bear in mind, as unplanned outages caused by equipment failure and damages have quadrupled globally since 2013.

“The UK has experienced the greatest reduction in opex per boe, falling from more than $30 per barrel in 2014 to just $16 per barrel in 2019. The drop is attributable to two main factors: the general increase in production, and the falling share of production from mature fields as new fields came on-stream and old fields were shut-in,” Sottilotta says.

Changing rotation cycles, the closing of older fields and lower salaries have also contributed to the reduced cost levels. A majority of UK offshore operators switched from two-week to three-week personnel rotations in 2015-2016, generating salary and logistics savings by reducing the number of flights required to shuttle personnel to and from offshore facilities. Still, despite this significant decrease in operational costs, the UK exhibits the highest opex per boe of all major offshore regions due to smaller field size, a fragmented operator landscape, a more mature continental shelf, and a higher number of personnel on board (POB) per produced barrel.

In absolute terms, Brazil experienced the second greatest drop in opex per boe, falling from $16 per boe in 2014 to $11 per boe in 2019. This reduction was driven primarily by a significant increase in production, especially from the giant Lula field. Across the globe, opex per boe in Norway is among the lowest, helped by the rising exchange rate between Norwegian Kroner (NOK) and the United States dollar (USD), which grew from an average of NOK 6.3 per $1 in 2014, to an average of NOK 8.3 per $1 in 2017. In contrast, Mexico's operating cost per boe has risen since 2016, the result of decreasing production and an increasing share of production from mature fields.