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| 2020-08-07 来源： 中国石化新闻网 |
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石化新闻 |
中国石化新闻网讯 据世界石油8月4日华盛顿报道，根据美国能源信息署(EIA)的《原油和天然气月度生产报告》，今年5月美国原油日产量减少199万桶，这是自1980年1月以来最大的月度下降。这一降幅超过了2008年9月飓风古斯塔夫和艾克造成产量下降103万桶/天的记录。 5月标志着原油产量连续第六个月下降，这是自2020年3月宣布有关冠状病毒病爆发的国家紧急状态以来的第三个月。 由于新冠疫情封锁措施的经济影响导致需求下降，5月原油产量下降了16.6％。 与新冠疫情封锁工作有关的经济活动减少导致能源供需格局发生变化。原油生产商减少了产量和钻探活动，导致美国主要产油区的产量下降。基准的西德克萨斯中质原油(WTI)的平均现货价格从今年1月的58美元/桶跌至今年4月的17美元/桶;然而，由于产量下降和需求增加，WTI在5月份升至29美元/桶。 今年4-5月，德克萨斯州原油产量在各州和产油地区中降幅最大，为76.4万桶/天，降幅为14.8%。德克萨斯州的原油产量超过美国其他任何一个州或地区;德州在2019年占全国的41%。北达科他州的石油日产量下降幅度第二大，为35.3万桶，其降幅最大，为29.1%。德克萨斯州、北达科他州、新墨西哥州、俄克拉何马州和怀俄明州5月份的原油产量均创下月度下降记录。 EIA预计，随着需求和价格上涨，美国原油产量将于今年7月增加。EIA在其7月份的《短期能源展望》（STEO）中预测，今年美国的原油日均产量将达到1,160万桶。在新冠疫情和经济下滑之前，今年前两个月美国的原油日均产量为1280万桶。 从4月到5月，美国的天然气日产量下降了59亿立方英尺，降幅5.3%。5月份的天然气产量降幅是美国天然气产量有记录以来的第二大月度降幅。下降幅度最大的一次发生在2008年9月，当时飓风古斯塔夫(Gustav)和艾克(Ike)导致日产量减少了68亿立方英尺。 德克萨斯州5月份的天然气日产量降幅最大，减少了23亿立方英尺，降幅为8.1%。德克萨斯州、俄克拉何马州、北达科他州、宾夕法尼亚州和新墨西哥州5月份的天然气产量均出现了创纪录的月度下降。 EIA预测，美国市场上的天然气产量（定义为天然气的总开采量减去用于调压油藏的天然气，排放或燃烧的量以及在处理或加工过程中去除的非烃类气体）将在今年剩余时间内继续下降 。 郝芬 译自 世界石油 原文如下： U.S. crude production dropped a record 2 MMbpd in May Production of crude oil decreased in the United States in May 2020 by 1.99 million barrels per day, the largest monthly decrease since at least January 1980, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) Monthly Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production Report. This decrease surpassed the previous record drop in September 2008 when Hurricanes Gustav and Ike caused production to fall by 1.03 million b/d. May marks the sixth consecutive monthly decrease in crude oil production and is the third month since the March 2020 declaration of a national emergency concerning the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. May crude oil production decreased by 16.6% as the economic impact of COVID-19 mitigation efforts led to a drop in demand. Reduced economic activity related to COVID-19 mitigation efforts has caused changes in energy supply and demand patterns. Crude oil producers curtailed production and reduced drilling activity, lowering the output for the major U.S. oil-producing regions. The benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil average spot price dropped from $58 dollars per barrel (b) in January 2020 to $17/b in April; however, WTI increased to $29/b in May as production decreased and demand increased. Texas had the largest decrease in crude oil production from April to May 2020 among states and producing regions at 764,000 b/d, a 14.8% decrease. More crude oil is produced in Texas than in any other state or region of the United States; Texas accounted for 41% of the national total in 2019. North Dakota saw the second-largest decrease, 353,000 b/d, and had the largest percentage drop at 29.1%. Texas, North Dakota, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming had record monthly crude oil production decreases in May. EIA expects U.S. crude oil production to rise in July 2020 as demand and prices increase. In its July Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), EIA forecasts that U.S. crude oil production will average 11.6 million barrels per day (b/d) in 2020. Before the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic downturn, U.S. crude oil production averaged 12.8 million b/d in the first two months of 2020. U.S. natural gas production decreased 5.9 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d), or 5.3%, from April to May. The May decrease is the second-largest monthly decrease in U.S. natural gas production on record. The largest decrease occurred in September 2008 when Hurricanes Gustav and Ike caused production to fall by 6.8 Bcf/d. Texas saw the largest regional monthly decrease for natural gas production in May, decreasing by 2.3 Bcf/d, or 8.1%. Texas, Oklahoma, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, and New Mexico each had record monthly drops in natural gas production in May. EIA forecasts that U.S. marketed natural gas production—which it defines as gross withdrawals of natural gas less natural gas used for repressuring reservoirs, quantities vented or flared, and nonhydrocarbon gases removed in treating or processing operations—will continue to decline for the remainder of 2020. |
