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| 2020-11-23 来源： 中国石化新闻网 |
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石化新闻 |
中国石化新闻网讯 据彭博新闻社社2020年11月18日利雅得报道，全球最大的石油出口国沙特阿拉伯已将其目光投向还要成为世界最大的氢燃料供应国。氢燃料被视为遏制气候变化的关键。 沙特阿拉伯能源大臣萨勒曼王子11月18日在利雅得举行的新闻发布会上说，沙特阿拉伯有“雄心勃勃的”计划，沙特阿拉伯作为地球上最大的氢出口国的记录将不会受到挑战。 萨勒曼王子说，沙特阿拉伯庞大的天然气储量使其能够生产蓝色氢。蓝色氢指的是天然气在捕获二氧化碳副产品的过程中进行重整时产生的一种燃料。今年9月份，沙特阿拉伯向日本运送了世界上第一批蓝色氢，这些蓝色氢已被转换为氨。 沙特阿拉伯还计划从2025年开始，在红海上正在兴建的未来城市Neom耗资50亿美元的设施中，从太阳能生产氢，也就是所谓的绿色氢。 通过向已经生产和销售的原油中添加氢气，沙特阿拉伯希望保持其作为重要能源供应国的地位，包括向那些正在摆脱排放污染的化石燃料的国家提供氢。 然而，氢的生产需要大量的能源，这使得氢的价格昂贵，而且运输也很困难。根据国际能源署的数据，每公斤绿色氢气的价格在3.50欧元(4.15美元)到5.00欧元之间。相比之下，生产所谓灰色或棕色氢气的传统工艺只需1.5欧元左右/公斤。生产蓝色氢的成本介于这两者之间。 李峻 编译自 彭博社 原文如下： Saudi Arabia Seeks to Become Top Hydrogen Exporter The world’s biggest oil exporter has set its sights on also becoming the largest supplier of hydrogen, a fuel seen as pivotal for curbing climate change. Saudi Arabia has “ambitious” plans and “will not be challenged in its record of being the biggest exporter of hydrogen on earth,” Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman said at a news briefing in Riyadh. The kingdom’s large natural gas reserves enable it to produce blue hydrogen, he said, referring to a form of the fuel that’s made when gas is reformed in a process that captures the carbon dioxide byproduct. In September, the country shipped the world’s first cargo of blue hydrogen, which was converted into ammonia. The kingdom also plans to generate hydrogen from solar power -- so-called green hydrogen -- at a $5 billion facility in Neom, a futuristic city being built on the Red Sea, starting in 2025. By adding hydrogen to the crude oil it already produces and sells, Saudi Arabia hopes to preserve its role as an important energy supplier, including to countries shifting away from pollution-emitting fossil fuels. Yet, hydrogen requires plenty of energy to produce, making it expensive, and is also difficult to transport. Green hydrogen costs between 3.50 euros ($4.15) and 5.00 euros per kilogram, according to the International Energy Agency. That compares with around 1.5 euros for the conventional, dirtier process that produces so-called grey or brown hydrogen. The cost of producing blue hydrogen lies in between these two. |
