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| 2020-12-04 来源： 中国石化新闻网 |
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石化新闻 |
中国石化新闻网讯 据油价网2020年12月1日休斯敦报道，美国能源信息署(EIA)12月1日称，由于美国原油产量和炼油厂产量在疫情爆发之初大幅下滑，美国在今年5月和6月曾短暂重返原油和石油产品净进口国的地位。 美国原油产量下降，炼油厂开工率下降，导致美国原油和石油产品出口总量大幅下降。 在去年10月至今年4月期间，美国曾是原油净出口国，但在5月和6月，由于国内原油和成品油产量下降，美国曾一度成为了原油净进口国。 EIA公布的统计数据显示，5月和6月美国原油日均净进口量分别为93.9万桶和67.5万桶。EIA数据显示，美国原油日均净进口量从2005年高点的1250万桶降至去年的70万桶。 美国石油产品日总出口量连续3个月下滑，从2月份创下的630万桶的纪录高位降至5月份的390万桶。这是5月和6月美国石油贸易由净出口转为净进口的主要因素。根据可获得的最新数据，美国9月石油产品日总出口量升至510万桶。 今年4月份，由于封锁限制旅行和经济放缓，世界最大石油消费国美国的石油产品消费量跌至数十年来的最低水平。 在3月初油价和需求大幅下跌后，美国各地的炼油厂都在减少炼油量。今年4月，炼油厂利用率降至70%以下，这是10多年来的新低。与此同时，美国石油生产商削减了部分产量，因供过于求的状况持续存在，库存迅速被填满，油价暴跌至对美国页岩产区来说不可持续的水平。 李峻 编译自 油价网 原文如下： U.S. Briefly Became Net Petroleum Importer This Year The United States briefly returned to being a net importer of crude oil and petroleum products in May and June this year, as U.S. crude oil and refinery output slumped at the start of the pandemic, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) said on Tuesday. The decline in U.S. crude oil production and the lower refinery runs resulted in a decline in America’s gross crude oil and petroleum product exports. The U.S. was a net petroleum exporter between October 2019 and April 2020, but then it was briefly a net petroleum importer in May and June because of the lower domestic crude oil and refined products output. U.S. net petroleum imports averaged 939,000 barrels per day (bpd) in May and 675,000 bpd in June. On an annual basis, U.S. net imports of petroleum dropped from a high of 12.5 million bpd in 2005 to 700,000 bpd last year, according to EIA data. U.S. gross exports of petroleum products fell for three consecutive months, from a record high of 6.3 million bpd in February to 3.9 million bpd in May. This was the main factor in the overall shift in U.S. petroleum trade from net exports to net imports in May and June. Since then, gross petroleum product exports rose to 5.1 million bpd in September, according to the latest available figures. In April, consumption of petroleum products in the world’s top oil consumer, the United States, slumped to its lowest level in decades, as lockdowns restricted travel and the economy slowed. Refiners across the U.S. were cutting refinery runs after the plunge in prices and demand in early March. Refinery utilization rates dipped to below 70 percent in April—levels not seen in more than a decade. At the same time, U.S. oil producers curtailed some production as the oversupply persisted, storage filled up fast, and oil prices plummeted to unsustainable levels for the U.S. shale patch. |
