欧洲海上风电总装机发电量达22吉瓦以上

中国石化新闻网讯 据OE网站3月2日报道，去年欧洲通过增加3.6吉瓦的新调试发电量来扩大其海上领先地位，使其2019年底的海上风电总装机发电量达到22吉瓦以上。

根据GlobalData的最新报告，其分布在12个欧洲国家中，英国以9.9吉瓦的装机容量占有最大份额，约占欧洲累计海上风电装机容量的45％，其次是德国的7.6吉瓦（34％）， 丹麦、比利时和荷兰分别占7.7％，7.1％和5％。

2019年新的商业海上风电能力标志着欧洲国家连续第三年高增长。GlobalData估计，2017年至2019年之间新增约10吉瓦的海上风电装机发电量，超过欧洲在2011年至2016年安装的装机发电量。

2019年，六个国家/地区出现了11个新的海上风电场。英国以1.76吉瓦发电量，占一半，其次是德国的1.1吉瓦，丹麦的374兆瓦和比利时的370兆瓦。

葡萄牙和西班牙这两个新兴市场已经进入欧洲海上市场，2019年分别安装了8.4兆瓦和5兆瓦。葡萄牙的WindFloat拥有世界上最大的海上浮式风力涡轮机，而西班牙则使用5兆瓦原型机对其海上水域进行了测试。

根据WindEurope的《离岸报告》，反映出风力涡轮机技术的进步和物流的改善，2019年欧洲海上风电场的平均规模上升至600兆瓦，而风力涡轮机的平均规模上升1兆瓦达到7.8兆瓦。

GlobalData的电力实践主管Ankit Mathur表示，自2012年以来，海上风的成本下降了大约25%，到2025年将进一步下降8-10%。最近在英国、法国和荷兰进行的海上风电拍卖显示，交付的电价在44美元至55美元之间，通过实现电网平价来说明海上风电的竞争力。

全球海上风电市场一直由欧洲国家主导；然而，它们现在反对来自美国等新的潜在市场以及韩国和日本等其他新兴市场的强劲竞争。GlobalData预计，到2030年，欧洲国家在海上风电累计装机发电量中所占份额将从目前的77％下降至52％。

Mathur总结道，为了实现到2050年欧盟雄心勃勃的碳中和目标，海上风电必须发挥主要作用。

郝芬 译自 OE 网站

原文如下：

Offshore Wind Hits 22GW for Europe

Europe has expanded its offshore leadership by adding 3.6 gigawatt (GW) of new commissioned capacity in 2019, bringing the total offshore wind installed capacity at the end of 2019 to above 22GW.

According to the recent report of GlobalData, spreading across 12 European countries, the UK holds the largest share with 9.9GW of capacity, representing around 45% of the cumulative installed offshore wind capacity in Europe, followed by Germany with 7.6GW (34%), and Denmark, Belgium and the Netherlands representing 7.7%, 7.1% and 5% respectively.

The new commercial offshore wind capacity for 2019 marks the third successive year of high build-up for European countries. GlobalData estimates around 10GW of new offshore wind capacity has been added between 2017 and 2019, more than Europe had installed in the previous six years during 2011-2016.

In 2019, 11 new offshore wind farms emerged across six countries. The UK accounted for nearly half of the capacity with 1.76GW, followed by Germany with 1.1GW, Denmark with 374 megawatt (MW) and Belgium with 370MW.

Two new emerging markets, Portugal and Spain, have entered the European offshore space with a respective 8.4MW and 5MW installation in 2019. WindFloat in Portugal houses the largest offshore floating wind turbine in the world, while Spain tested its offshore waters with a 5MW prototype.

Reflecting the advancement in wind turbine technology and improved logistics, the average size of an offshore wind farm in Europe in 2019 rose to 600MW, while the average turbine size rose by 1MW to 7.8MW, according to WindEurope’s Offshore Report.

Ankit Mathur, Practice Head of Power at GlobalData, said: “The declining costs for offshore wind have seen a significant fall of approximately 25% since 2012, with a further estimated reduction of 8-10% by 2025. The recent wind offshore auctions in the UK, France and the Netherlands saw delivered power prices in the range of $44-$55, narrating the competitiveness of wind offshore by achieving the grid parity.”

The global wind offshore market has been dominated by European countries; however, they now stand against strong rising competition from new potential markets such as the US, and other nascent markets like South Korea and Japan. GlobalData expects the European countries share in the cumulative installed offshore wind capacity to fall from the current 77% to 52% by 2030.

Mathur concluded: “In order to achieve the EU’s ambitious carbon neutrality target by 2050, offshore wind has to play a major role.”